What Do You Think Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Do You Think - Essay Example First of all, the HR Director of the construction company should organize an interaction session. In this session the director should suggest the major stakeholders of the organization to realize the significance of women employees. Recently it has been seen that women staffs are considered as more effective employees who can mange several conflicts in an effective way. It is true that the managerial capability of women is much higher comparing to the men. In addition to this, the HR Director should motivate its employees to work together with employees. Collaborative work and effective workplace diversity strategy can help the director to hire skilled women employees. The human resource department should develop workplace equity policy in order to take care of the morale rights of women employees. This strategy will help the organization to avoid workplace conflicts and improve its productivity. On the other hand, the goodwill of the organization can get increased among its internal and external stakeholders. It is true that male employees have the ability to do the hard work and avail more physical ability comparing to the women individuals. In terms of managerial skills, organization can get advantages from women leaders. It is important for the organization to motivate the male employees before implementing any employment equity policy. The organization should redefine the reward structure and performance evaluation process to motivate the male employees. In addition to this, the HR department should organize an orientation process in which the director can help them to understand the significance of collaborative work performance and workplace diversity. Skilled Men and women employees in a group can enhance collaborative group work (Poelmans 174). There are several competitive advantages to implement this initiative. Diverse workforce with female staffs can help the organization to bid for several leading private

An analysis on how corporations are affected by change and enforcement Dissertation

An analysis on how corporations are affected by change and enforcement of tax regulations - Dissertation Example 19 2.9 Tax Jurisdiction that Exempt Foreign –Source Income 21 2.10 Jurisdiction that Offer Tax Incentives to Qualified Holding Companies 21 2.11 Thin Capitalisation Rules 22 2.12 Do Taxes Impact Corporate Mergers? 23 2.13 Inverse Conversion by US Companies? 24 2.14 Corporate Tax Reforms in USA 25 2.15 Tax Planning – How G.E USA not Paid a Single Dollar In 2010 As Income-Tax? 27 2.16 Whether High Tax Rates compel the UK Companies to Relocate? 29 2.17 Why British Shipping Companies prefer Malta Registration? 30 2.18 Tax advantages for UK companies by Outsourcing to India 31 3 Findings 33 4 Recommendations 35 4 Conclusion 36 5 List of References 38 Tables: Table 1 Ease of Payment of Taxes 13 Table 2 Prevailing Corporate Taxes around the World 14 Graphs Graph 1 Perception of the Importance of the Climate Governments Create for Business Through Tax Policies or Financial Incentives 15 INTRODUCTION In modern era, the government of a nation assumes a significant role in develop ing the commercial, financial, general policies of the business concerns in the country and taxation policy is one of such mighty mechanisms of intervention. The privilege to tax domestic companies and to tax the every citizen of a nation is intrinsic in the sovereign command of every nation and its government. The taxation of business enterprises has become a chief avenue of revenue for the government due to constantly increasing burden of fiscal deficit in their budgets. The functions and duties of every government will include a provision of public health, public education, and the development of infrastructure facilities, provisions of multi services like old age pension, unemployment insurance and to cover these costs. Government is under obligation to tax both unincorporated and incorporated business sector. The reasons for confidence ushered on corporate sector for special tax treatment are mainly due to administrative convenience and political feasibility. Like individuals, business corporations do not exercise voting power in elections. Hence, government is more depending upon the corporate sector to raise additional revenues to a larger magnitude nowadays. (Tyagi and Kumar2003:390). To raise income, government levy charges or taxes on various activities, incomes, earnings of companies, individuals, etc. and this process is known as taxation. Taxation is of two type’s viz. direct taxation and indirect taxation. For instance, excise duties are known as indirect tax which is imposed on the manufacturing, production and import of merchandises like tobacco, alcohol, oil and gas and minerals. Illustrations of direct taxes are income-tax and property tax. (Tyagi and Kumar2003:390). The effect of taxation policies in business decision is more critical and viable as at a time when corporate taxation is contributing chiefly to the national exchequer. Day by day, the role of taxation policies in business decision is increasing, which increases its encumb rances. Higher corporate taxes may axe the corporate development and hamper the expansion of manufacturing capacity, hence, it becomes crucial to this research into the chief effects of corporate taxation policies on the business enterprises. (Tyagi and Kumar2003:390). The sudden spurt in corporate tax revenues in low-tax OECD nations may be due to the large scale of inflow of investment

Strategic Management Nike | Case Study

Strategic Management Nike | Case Study Introduction: This assignment is about analyzing our own personality and behavior and focusing on developing the behavior which will help in building different characteristics that are needed to become an efficient strategic manager. We have taken Nike as the organization, where we will focus on different traits that are required to be developed in person to be a strategic manager for the particular organization. This assignment will bring into focus different skills and traits that will help an individual to build his managerial as well as leadership skills that are important for the success of an individual in an organization. LO1: Be able to identify personal skills to achieve strategic ambitions Analyse the strategic direction of the organisation Nike Inc. is worlds leading company in sports industry. The company was established in the year 1968 in the state of Oregon. It is one of the leading players in sports footwear, apparel, equipments and accessory products. Nike, the name of the company is taken on the name of the Greek Goddess of Victory. With its strong marketing strategy, Nike Inc. has been successful in stretching its reach globally. Nike has followed the innovative strategy and has captured the market by introducing different athletic brands such as Nike Air, Max Air, Zoom Air, Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike +, Air Jordan, Nike Skateboarding and Nike Shox. The company operates in over 170 countries globally with company operates retail outlets, and independent distributors and licensee. The principle activity of the company is design, development and worldwide marketing of its products which includes sports footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories. The company produces its footwear and apparel products outside Unit ed States, whereas the sports equipments are manufactured in United States as well as other parts of the world. With its highly recognized slogan Just do it and its distinguish swoosh logo (representing the wing of Greek goddess NIKE), Nike has been successful in building up a strong brand image which successfully captures maximum sports market and sponsors different athletes and sports teams around the world and has evolved into one of the biggest multinational corporation in sports industry. The strategic objective of Nike is to hold its position as the market leader in sports footwear sector with a strong focus on innovation, research and development. Company works on authenticity, honesty, athletic, competitiveness, performance and teamwork. These are the strategic objectives which the company follows so as to have a competitive edge in the market. Evaluate the strategic skills required of the leader to achieve the strategic ambitions Nike operates in highly competitive environment and needs to have a strong focus on innovation, research and development. To operate in highly competitive and a multinational organization it is very important to have strong communication skills, analytical skills, leadership skills, time management skills, problem solving skills and negotiation skills. Communication Skills: Communication is the base of an organization. It is one the most important skills which focuses on meeting the personal as well as organizational goals, it is one of the biggest driver which focuses on stimulating the behavior of an individual in an organization. It is very important for a manager to have effective communication skills as it helps in driving and motivating the employees behavior. It also helps in effectively expressing the feelings and emotion of the employee and the manager which helps in creating a bonding between the manager and the employee. Leadership Skills: Leadership is one of the most important aspect of an organization without leadership the organizational performance is minimal as it helps in increasing the efficiency and the working of the employees in the organization. It helps in influencing the people. Leadership can be termed as an interpersonal process that involves attempts to influence other people in attaining organizational goals (Hitt, 2009). Leaders help the employees and other members of the organization to focus on achieving the set goals and objectives of the organization. Leaders help in guiding and motivating their subordinates or followers to work on a certain perspective which helps in attaining productive results. Negotiation Skill: Being in a multinational organization it is very important for an manager to have negotiation skill as it is a skill that is needed on day to day working within the organization as well as personal working. It is important for a manager to have efficient negotiation skills so as to settle different arguments and conflicts in the organization. For being an efficient negotiator it is important for a manager to be open mindedpro active, empathic, good communicator, friendly, and intuitive. Problem Solving Skills: It is important for a strategic manager to have strong analytical and problem solving skill as the manager encounters different challenges in their day to day working where their analytical skill and problem solving skill playa a crucial rule which helps in achieving the organizational goals and objectives. Time Management: Time Management is very important tool which helps in developing the personality of the person. It basically refers to the skills, and techniques which help in managing the time in respect to accomplish the set goals and objectives. An effective time management is helpful in many ways such as effective time management helps in reducing stress and anxiety, builds a sense of achievement, helps in increasing the energy, helps in increasing productivity, helps in reducing avoidance, helps in building up the confidence. Time never stays for anyone. So time can only be managed, it cannot be controlled replaced or recreated. Assess the relationship between existing, required and future skills to achieve the strategic ambitions To achieve the strategic goals and objectives the strategic manager needs to have strong skills in respect to manage the team and their working. The manager needs to have strong analytical skills and technical skills which will help in nurturing innovation in the organization. The strategic manger needs have a strong focus on authenticity, honesty, athletic, competitiveness, performance and teamwork skills which are the pillars of Nike so as to focus on achieving the strategic objectives and goals of the organization. The manager needs to have strong leadership skills so as to achieve the strategic goals and objectives of the organization. LO2. Be able to manage personal leadership development to support achievement of strategic ambitions 2.1 Discuss the opportunities to support leadership development Nike is the organization which has a strong focus on research and development, for this the organization gives a strong focus to training and development of the employees. The organization strongly focuses on innovation, the employees are motivated to do different experiments in an innovative measure. The CEO of the company has focused on reorganizing the company into different units that are categorized in different particular sports. Mark Parker says, a conscious decision to sharpen each piece of the business so were not some big fat dumb company,. He has put strong emphasis in new global market and have made a strong emphasis on the nations like China and Japan because they are nations on low cost production, the CEO of Nike strongly focuses on eliminating the middle management and restructured the organization by down turning. This has helped in increasing the leadership skills within the organization. Nike also has an Innovation Kitchen, which is a think tank where all the desig ners work on their creativity and enhance their skills. The Kitchen is a free-range creative playpen, with every type of tool, material, machine, toy, instrument, software, game, and inspirational image at the ready. (McGrit, 2010). Kitchen is one of the most secured place in the organization where not all the employees are allowed to enter the organization. The organization focuses on open communication so as to facilitate innovation in the organization. He wants all his employees to share all their thoughts and imagination so as to build innovative company. These are different perspectives which help in developing leadership skills within the organization. The organization also urges the managers to work innovatively by collaborating themselves on different perspectives by focusing on nature, animal and building so as to inspire the employees in the organization to work innovatively and effectively. 2.2 Construct a personal development plan to direct leadership development For having effective leadership skills it is very important to work on different skills which help in enhancing the leadership qualities that are required in the organization. Nike being an organization which focuses on innovation, being creative is one of the most important perspective that is required for an efficient strategic manager, as creativity helps in building up new ideas for developing new products and will also help in facilitating the creativity within the organization. For facilitating a high creative perspective it is important for a manager to work on five P model of creativity i.e. Passion, Persistence, Persuasion, Playfulness and Positivity. It is important to have innovative thinking as well as strong visionary goals which will help in building a positive environment in the organization. For being an efficient manager it is important to have strong communication skill which will help in facilitating communication where employees share the problem with subordinates as a group, and together, they generate and evaluate alternatives and attempt to reach consensus on a solution. The manager needs to develop skills which include drive, the desire to lead, honesty/integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability and knowledge of the business. It helps in enhancing the performance of the employees. The efficient strategic manager needs to be characterized by high Self-confidence, strong vision, ability to articulate the vision (speaking ability), strong convictions about the vision, highly creative and innovative, perceived as agents of change and Environmental Sensitivity (threats, opportunities). An efficient manager needs to ha ve enhanced time management and stress management skills which will help in increasing the efficiency of the managers and will help them in building different leadership skills which will help the employees and subordinates to work on different organizational goals and objectives. 2.3 Devise an implementation process for the development plan Improvement of skills: Time Management: For being an efficient strategic manager it is important for a manager to work efficiently on given time. It is important for a manager to set their priorities and work according to the set proprieties so that they are able to finish up the most important thing at the first stage and are able to manage the time effectively and efficiently. There are different techniques which help in setting the priorities such as ABC analysis, Pareto analysis, POSEC method, these methods helps in prioritizing different tasks by Organizing, Streamlining, Economizing and Contributing. With the help of these techniques the manager are able to manage their time effectively and also manage their meeting efficiently. With a strong focus on time management the manager will not work under stress and pressure and will have ample time to work on enhancing their creativity and building up new ideas for development of new products focusing on enhancing creativity and skills which will help the manager to achieve the set targets and goals. Stress Management:Working under a multinational organization creates stress. There are several techniques which help in managing stress, one of the most important being Yoga, yoga is one of the best exercise which helps in attaining mental peace. It helps in developing different skills and controlling different stress situation as a person is at mental ease when he does yoga. Eating healthy food is also important to minimize stress, healthy food helps in giving proper health to the person and he is able to work efficiently as healthy body helps in removing stress. Sports activities are also one of the important ways through which stress can be minimized, one can indulge himself in indoor or outdoor sports activity, it helps in relaxing the mind of an individual which in turn helps in increasing the mind power. Communication Skills: It is very important for a manager or leader to possess. They need to have strong communication skills so as to facilitate different information through different levels of the organization. To have strong communicator one need to be a good listener and believe in whatever he communicates. One should be clear in what he is communicating to the other person. Problem solving: to become a good problem solver, a person needs to be creative and innovative in every work he does, he must work on developing practical solutions so as to facilitate proper problem solving, Different strategies and methods must be used to solve problems pertaining to different areas. LO3. Be able to evaluate the effectiveness of the leadership development plan With a strong focus on enhancing the skills, the manager will be able to develop several skills which will help in enhancing the skills of the strategic manager. With adoption of the leadership development plan the manger will be able to build on Inspirational leadership quality with a strong focus on vision for the future, self awareness and empathy. The manager will also able to build on the traits of charismatic leaders, with the improvement on his communication skills, with enhancing and working on the communication skills the manager will be able to clearly communicate with the employees and maintain their enthusiastic and excitement level with a display of high level of self confidence and self esteem. With working on time management skills the manager will be able to adopt cost efficient and cost effective measures with a strong focus on increasing the productivity of the organization. The manager will focus on developing the skills of people by motivating them to accomplish t heir goals. The manager will focus on building the organization culture and environment that will help in building a strong and friendly environment. With enhancement on communication skill the manager will also focus on displaying participative leadership. The manager will focus on assigning their subordinates new tasks and involving them in new tasks enhances the performance of the subordinate. This will also help in enhancing the skills of the subordinates. LO4. Be able to promote a healthy and safe environment that supports a culture of quality 4.1 Assess the impact of corporate and individual health and safety responsibilities on the organisation Nike considers sustainability as one of the most essential part for the success of the organization. Today, the corporate responsibility approach has evolved from focusing on risk management, philanthropy and compliance to one that utilizes natural focus on innovation to transition NIKE, Inc. into a business that is more sustainable, by which it mean that it brings people, planet and profits into balance for lasting success. (Corporate Social Responsibility report 2009). Nike focuses on delivering innovative products in sustainable way. It focuses on recognizing the sustainability that routes to future profitability. With the increasing globalization and new demands across the market, according to him the company needs to focus on capturing the maximum market and provide its customers innovative and customized products. According to Mark Parker, the company needs to work innovatively which is possible only when the organization is able to succeed in a world where natural and human resources are constrained. There are several issues that will impact the business and the preferences of the consumer market, these issues concern the change in climate, depletion of natural resources, peaking oil prices and growth in population. The company focuses on working on the grounds in which it can survive in the changing conditions. With these changes around the world and economy, there will be potential effect to labor forces, working conditions, communities, dev elopment, youth, sport, supply chains, products and more. The company has built up a new strategy to focus on the coming future. It has built a new model and shift to sustainable business and innovation. The vision for SBI is to enable NIKE, Inc. and our consumers to thrive in a sustainable economy, one where people, planet and profit are in balance. To do this, the company will: Innovate to deliver enterprise-level sustainability solutions. Integrate sustainability into the heart of the NIKE, Inc. business model. Mobilize key constituents (civil society, employees, consumers, government and industry) to partner in scaling solutions. (Corporate Social Responsibility Report, 2009). The company focuses on designing products that are fully closed-loop: products produced using the fewest possible materials, designed for easy disassembly and capable of being recycled into new products or safely returned to nature at the end of their life. The company focuses on innovating its manufacturing, production, recapturing, recycling ad reusing. Nike focuses on building innovation lab focuses on delivering enterprise and industry level sustainability solutions. The company focuses on integrating corporate social responsibility to its organization on whole. This will help in upstream decision making and integrated sustainable thinking. The company has taken several efforts to improve the working conditions across its supply chain. This can be done through influencing policies in respect to improving the working conditions and encouraging collaboration between society, industry and government. Nike focuses n achieving sustainability across all its horizons of its operations. Nike has incorporated several steps so as to bring sustainable change in the working condition and for the workers of footwear, apparel and equipment industry. 4.2 Estimate an organisational culture of quality on the achievement of strategic ambitions Leadership and organizational culture are the most important part of an organization which helps in improving the efficiency and productivity of the organization. Organization culture can be termed as the set of values, and the beliefs that are shared by the individuals working in the organization whereas organizational climate is the environment of the organization, it affects the structure, performance and responsibility of the employees in an organization. It is oriented towards behavioral approach, which revolves around the creativity, innovation, and safety. Organizational culture is an element which brings into picture the organization climate and design. Organizational culture is the study of the psychology, attitudes, beliefs, values of an employee working in the organization. It encompasses personal as well as cultural value into consideration. Organizational culture is composed of three layers i.e. material culture which includes the characteristics of products, technology and equipment used in the organization, it basically represents the style of enterprise manager. Material layer is called the foundation layer of the organization. System layer which includes different code of conduct and regulations on which is there in the mind of the employees, it works as the key of the organization. The last layer of the organization is the spiritual culture which is the core of the organizational culture which includes the philosophy, strategy, value orientation, emotion of the employees. Leaders needs to set an example in an organization as being an element of culture, so as to enhance the productivity within the organization. Organization culture fosters an organization to achieve its business goals and objectives. The culture of the organization helps in increasing the efficiency of the organization as well as the employees.The corporate culture of the organization brings out the value and norms of the organization as well as the organizational behavior in respect of technologies, strategies, products and services that are used in the organization. The organizational culture also fosters changes in the organization like downsizing, technological advancement which is important for the growth of the organization. Seven dimensions of the organizational culture are attention to detail, innovation and risk taking, outcome orientation, stability, people orientation, aggressiveness and team orientation. The organizational culture can foster ethics as well unethical issues. Like Enrons leadership and organizational culture was unethical whereas 3M and apple fosters innovative organizational culture so as to improve its efficiency.Organizational culture of an helps in fostering the behavior of the employees and the future of the organization. Organizational culture helps in team building within the organization. As through the organizational culture helps in fostering creativity, innovation, and sharing of values.Organizational culture has become highly focused to innovation, through technological development and advancement the organizational culture helps in fostering change in the organization which helps in adopting total quality management. Organizational culture is one of the most important aspect of the organization which helps in fostering development and change in the organization as well as achieving the set strategic objectives and goals of the organization. It is the base of the organization which highly affects the behavior of the employees in the organization. The organizational culture can build positive behavior in an employee as well as negative behavior. It can be said that the growth of the organization highly depends on the organizational culture.

The Canadian Economy- Smith or Marx Theory? Essay -- essays research

The economic concepts that were visualized by Adam Smith and Karl Marx lead to the idea that Canada fits towards both quite well. Their concepts are reflected quite clearly in the economic situation of Canada, and the theories of both can be applied. In a way, both Marx and Smith would be pleased with the economy of Canada, as it lends to their ideas and presents a positive economy for Canadian residents. While some may argue that Canadian economy should be a bit more as their southern neighbor the United States, it is also argued that Canada’s mixed economy provides a perfect blend of corporate and government responsibility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When it comes the Smith’s theories, the one that stands out the most would be his theory of the â€Å"invisible hand†. This â€Å"hand† controlled the economy by driving prices down through competition and resources. This metaphorical â€Å"hand† exists today in Canada, as the citizens benefit from variety. The variety of products and services available almost always leave room for an alternative, which is what, in effect, forces prices to be lower. Canada’s â€Å"invisible hand† may take the modern form of technology, as it affects the means by which products are produced. If for instance, a new mode of manufacturing Product A is formulated, and it allows Product A to be manufactured at a lower price, then the price of Product A will be cheaper. This causes the competitive price to drop, which allows consumers to benefit from lower prices. The division of labour does exist, however not to the intensity Smith stated in his theory. In companies today, there is a specialization of a sort to specific positions, but usually it is not to one specific task, but to an area. There are, however, exceptions, such in factory work, when an employee may do the same job for a long period of time. The specialization of workers is, in fact, a management technique. Fredrick Taylor, occasionally called the â€Å"father of scientific management† developed the concept that for every job a specific rule of motion and training should be developed in order to increase and achieve maximum productivity. Smith felt that slavery was an improper use of human resources, as there was no internal drive in a worker who basically worked for nothing. He would be impressed by the fact that there is no slavery in our economy and that it is actually against the la... ...thinkpiece/000702.php   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This site is a part of the Adam Smith Institute’s website, so it is obvious there would be bias. The author is the director of the institute, but he raises some key important points in this short but informative article. The site was informative in summarizing the wealth of nations and putting ideas into perspective by using simple examples. Myers. Peter. â€Å"Karl Marx†. 2 August 2001   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An extremely informative view of world trade from the point of view of Karl Marx, this site outlines the concepts, which related to world trade as well as many of his other ideas. Includes excerpts and paragraphs from his works, which again, leave little room for distortion due to interpretation because one is reading straight from the source. Schermerhorn. â€Å"Management: Sixth Edition.† Chapter 4. United States of America: Garamond Book. 2001. 72-73.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a textbook utilized in a grade 12 management course. The section used outlines the concepts of Frederick W. Taylor. The concepts applied directly because of the idea of specialization within taskforces.

Women Safety in Urban Public Spaces

Womans Safety in Urban Public SpacesAbstractions: â€Å" It feels really uncomfortable to walk past that route at that clip. † These are the words we frequently hear from many people, particularly adult females. Bing designers and urban contrivers do we hold any function to play in undertaking this issue? It is the right of every person to experience safe and entree every infinite. Women, most of the clip experience fright in public infinites and male dominated infinite. This paper aims to understand the cardinal grounds that contribute to do a infinite insecure and note peoples position of this job. Secluded or dead edifices, secluded infinites, heavy flora, hapless substructure and lighting and improper care most of the clip consequence in infinites which would be perceived as fearful. On the other manus, the societal construction is frequently extended into the infinites. A particular instance of Nagarjuna Nagar in Vijayawada has been studied to associate and take note of the perceptual experiences of people. The consequen ces from this study has been compared to many theories that have been developed over clip by celebrated geographers and urban contrivers and interior decorators and sociologists. Cardinal Wordss:Fear, safe infinites, adult females and spacial constellation, urban safety Introduction: â€Å" Sexual torment at public topographic points is unwelcome, unasked behavior of a sexual nature including staring, gesticulating, touching, go throughing remarks, draging. These may non look to be a large job, but they can be rather disconcerting. It makes adult females experience ashamed, humiliated or frightened. † ( Vijayawada Police ) What is an insecure infinite? In existent universe, it is a construct developed by people over clip. When a individual refers to a infinite as insecure, he arrived at the sentiment due to their expericence in such infinites or bad lucks encountered by other people in such infinites. Research in peculiar suggests three factors that mediate the impact of different beginnings of fright information: memorability, affectivity and informativeness( Tyler and Rasinski, 1984 ) . Fear beginnings which give a clear image of where the offense took topographic point, on whom, by whom etc.. create a graphic image of environments of fear.Information about onslaughts which relate to adult females ‘s ain life style ( geographically and socially ) have a stronger impact on their images of danger as they are easy able to conceive of the same thing go oning to themselves( Gill Valentine ; Images of Danger: Women ‘s Beginnings of Information about the Spatial Distribution of Male Violence ) . Safety or fright of offense in any infinite is non merely limited to adult females. The psycological impact that fright dramas in the mobility form of adult females should be considered as an facet in design. â€Å"Although feeling unsafe is non confined to adult females, the fright that adult females feel in urban countries is rather peculiar. It is to make with physical and psychological honor†¦ Although non all adult females have been raped or attacked, all have felt at some point that indefinable feeling of malaise which ranges from simply experiencing uncomfortable to paralysis† .( Samaoun, 2000: 29 ) The fright that adult females develop over infinites restrict them to entree a infinite. Women ‘s fright of danger in a public infinite in high compared to a private infinite while the statics show up an wholly contrastive image. Surveys show that adult females tend to fear offense more than work forces do but are less exposed to offense than work forces( Tiby, E. 1991 ). The chief beginning of adult females ‘s fright is the fright of an extra crime- a sexual onslaught besides robbery or burglary( Carina Listerborn ; Women ‘s Fear & A ; Spatial Configurations ) . AsDoreen Masseygenuinely argues inFor Spacethat our societal dealingss are being extended into the physical environment and therefore spacial dealingss are political. This in a manner adds to the full scene. It can be found that India being a patriarchal society, reflects this construction and beliefs in the reinforced environment. When a miss reaches 15 old ages, limitation would be laid on her communal form, where as a male child of same age is allowed to entree any infinite at any hr of the twenty-four hours. We need to understand how strong the physical environment is, in determining the lives of people. They are non given the benefit to lounge unlike work forces and alternatively forced to restrict herself to the domestic sphere alternatively of reshaping the public infinites to do her feel safe.( Shall We Go Out? Women ‘s Safety in Public Spaces in Delhi ; Kalpana Viswanath, Surabhi Tandon Mehrotra) . Womans are encouraged to transport out Piper nigrum sprays and larn self- defense mechanism fast ones instead than seeking to work out the corporate societal issue. People’s voices should be given extreme value and a advisory procedure should ensue into a solution. Merely so can adult females entree the full rights of being an urban citizen( Shall We Go Out: Women ‘s Safety in Public Spaces ) . Carina Listerborn in Women ‘s Fear & A ; Space Configurationsjustly inquiries â€Å" how democratic and justified is it to experience insecure in a infinite which is an of import facet of quality of societal life? † In this context, there is a demand to cognize about the significance of a public infinite in an urban context. Public infinites play a important function in judging the quality of an metropolis. As pointed out justlyby Kalpana Viswanath, Surabhi Tadon Mehrotra in Shall We Go Out: Women ‘s Safety in Public Spaces in Delhi, the quality of a metropolis has to be judged by what it offers to its residents- the right to populate, travel about and work with self-respect and safety. It outlines that the public infinite offers infinite and freedom to get away the holds and emphasis of a household or community. But, many it a clip its left unnoticed that the societal life a public infinite offers are frequently profoundly gendered both in handiness and right. As this job is really less bothered about, adult females have developed their ain manner to undertake this fright. The present twenty-four hours layout of metropoliss leave people in a convulsion, most frequently, instead to take a safer path or a shorter path. This indicates the significance to discourse the spacial constellations. The infinite sentence structure which builds a relation between societal dimension and the reinforced environment takes a cardinal function in judging the grade of safety in a infinite. This plays a principle function in bar of offense and undertaking fright while accessing a infinite. Carina Listerbornlineations three constructs earlier introduced byBill HillierinSpace is the Machineto analyze fright and infinite constellations dealingss. She voices that fright rises with a. ) Urban emptiness- which is related to the construct of practical community and urbanity and is measured by the average integrating value. â€Å" Crime includes a broad field, from burglary to street- force, and dressed ores on an object or state of affairs. In contrast, fright is related to how you experience and interpret the environment. Urban emptiness is an of import facet in both the instances. † ( Carina Listerborn ) B. ) The deficiency of intelligibility- subsidiary travel paths makes one feel insecure. c. ) Lack of visibility- Smaller ocular cone increases the fright of being attacked. Bill Hillier in Space is the Machine defines the practical community as the form of natural co-presence brought approximately through the influence of spacial design on motion and other related facets of infinite usage. He besides adds that a wrongly designed infinite does non accomplish the natural forms of societal co-presence ensuing in an empty infinite which kindles fright. Urbanity, he argues is about clip and infinite & A ; its grade could be measured by numbering the figure of people transposing through a distance of 100m per minute. If there is less than two people beside you within 100m it is the lower bound of urbanity and the lower degree of human creativeness are 8-10 work/100m distance of street. ( Gronlund, B. 1998 ) Fear is linked to the grade of emptiness and thereby likely to the grade of integrating which depends on the spacial construction. Research workers have shown different grade of integrating values by comparing the tree-system with grid system.( Klarqvist, B. 1997 ) An apprehensible system is one in which well-connected infinites besides tend to be well- incorporate infinites. An unintelligible system is one where good connected infinites are non good incorporate, so what we can see of their connexions misleads us about the position of that infinites in the system as a whole.( Hillier, B. 1996 ) Isovist in relation to intelligibility is important to understand the immediate environment through visibleness. It helps to cipher what is behind the corner or the shrubs in instance of fright but it is non reliable ever as its terminals are non clear. Physical and societal facets of a topographic point contribute to the experience of fright. Fear can be caused both by the presence and absence of people and people have developed assorted schemes to get by with it.( Carina Listerborn ) In the present twenty-four hours context of India, adult females are required to work out-of-doorss, travel long distances to make workplaces and now that population is dismaying, mass lodgings are shooting up. Harmonizing to thePopulation Census 2011, 53 metropoliss are identified as population over 10 Lakh, and referred to as Mega Cities. A sum of 36,622 instances of offenses against adult females were reported from these mega metropoliss in 2012 where as 33,789 instances were reported in 2011.The rate of offense was 47.8 times higher compared to the national rate of 41.7.Among 53 metropoliss, Delhi has accounted for 14.2 % followed by Bangalore ( 6.2 % ) , Kolkata ( 5.7 % ) , Hyderabad ( 5.2 % ) and Vijayawada ( 5.2 % ) .Vijayawada has reported 16.6 % incidences of abuse to the modestness of adult females. Though Indian Penal Code identifies the undermentioned as punishable offenses against adult females which are the root causes for adult females ‘s restricted mobility, the construct of fright and insecure infinites that adult females are stuck with dramas a important function. CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN:Kidnaping and abduction for specified intentsRapeHomicide for dowery, dowry deceases or their effortsTorture- both mental and physicalAssault on adult females with purpose to shock her modestnessAbuse to the modestness of adult femalesImporting of miss from foreign state ( upto 21yrs of age )EXISTING MODELS OF GENDER CONSCIOUS Planning: There are already bing theoretical accounts of gender witting planning to react to the women’s fright of force. They are: Broken Windows:This focuses on the zero- tolerance to offense, closed circuit telecastings and an exclusionary attack to making safer infinites. ( Mitchell, 2003 ) Safer Communities Model:It has a foresight to do public infinites safer through activities, land usage, societal mix and affecting users in planing schemes and enterprises for safer public infinites. SPACES WHERE WOMEN FEEL UNSAFE: The sorts of topographic points that are most feared include Parkss, green unfastened infinites, beaches, parking areas/garages, tunnels, metros, back-streets, stepss, isolated coach Michigans, industrial countries and dark empty parts of the metropolis like shopping countries or vicinities at dark.( Women ‘s Fear & A ; Spatial Configuration ; Carina Listerborn ) It is found from a study by an NGO – Jagori in New Delhi, that adult females feel uncomfortable in male dominated infinites such as coffin nail stores, dhabas, cab bases, certain street corners and certain Parkss. Womans were loath to utilize these infinites and frequently accompanied by work forces to dhabas and tea corners.( Shall We Go Out: Women ‘s Safety in Public Spaces )Parks were identified as the public infinites adult females enjoy the most during a twenty-four hours with childs or equals while see it extremely insecure after dark.The low boundaries, dark midst green infinites and absence of locking systems add to the fright in Parkss.Metros, which take a outstanding function in the context of Delhi are turning insecure due to miss of proper lighting, improperly defined entry and issue points, deficiency of signage, absence of guards which lead to the diminution in the users of these metros.The findings of the audits reflect that the presence of sellers add to the safety of a infinite and adult females feel it comfy and familiar.Street visible radiations are frequently placed in the center of the route and the coach Michigans and pavings are non decently lit with visible radiations of their ain, increasing the hazard of adult females utilizing it after dark.Public lavatories have besides been marked as danger for adult females where many instances were reported of offenses and torments.THE CASE OF VIJAYAWADA: Public and Semi public utilizations: These classs of land include all the Government offices, Municipal offices, offices of other local governments and other public establishments like temples, churches, mosques, and the similar. The metropolis provides public and semi public public-service corporations and installations all covering about 270 hour angle of land accounting for 7 % of the developed country. Large public public-service corporation constitutions are found in ward 15 ( 54 hour angle ) , ward 10 ( 49 hour angle ) , ward 24 ( 36 hour angle ) , ward 25 ( 26 hour angle ) and ward 8 ( 22 hour angle ) . In footings of proportions, ward 15 histories for one 4th of its country under public and semi public utilizations, following being ward 24 with 19 % followed by ward 10 % ( 16 % ) . Most of the country along Mahatma Gandhi route in wards 10, countries environing NTR Health University, and countries near Gunadala hill in ward 24 are put to public and semi public utilizations. RESEARCH Question: What are the grounds that public infinites are insecure for adult females to the extent that they control their mobility form? Methodology: To analyse the research objectives, an onsite site survey was conducted in Nagarjuna Nagar chief route in Vijayawada in the month of October 2014. Setting: Nagarjuna Nagar is an country in Vijayawada metropolis which is 2.4km from Benz Circle, a cardinal junction in the metropolis which is the point of convergence of NH-5 running from Chennai to Kolkata and NH-9 which leads to Machilipatnam, a circle that attracts heavy traffic and circle for Educational Institutes. The authorities infirmary junction is the nearest junction and this country and is 140m off. There is a NTR Health University and Government Hospital and Siddartha Medical College on the side antonym to the main road. Another route in the locality leads to Autonagar. Nagarjuna Nagar in peculiar grew up as a residential settlement from the clip of its initial development. Subsequently, the NH5 frontage is developing to run into the commercial demands of people and hence the activities and edifices uses in this country are effected. The survey stretch way has been observed to hold deficiency of sellers most of the clip. Design: To gain the independent factors that consequence the factor of safety of adult females, a stretch of route, from A to B has been picked up in this country and has been surveyed. This country has comparatively really low offense rates, but so the choice of this country was based on the experience of most of them who traverse this route. Two points A and B have been marked in the map, where A base near the NH5 frontage and B ends at a edifice which is presently being used as a girls inn. This stretch of route has been divided into zones to cognize the experiences in single infinites and the grounds behind that. The full stretch of route has a assorted usage of buildings- residential, commercial and park. Few packages of the land has been left as waste land with overgrown trees. The factors that people think do difference to the personal safety of adult females was measured by a questionnaire that contained the followers: In each of the zone, what do you believe are the grounds that consequence the safety factor?Poor LightingPeoples sing other edificesPeoples populating in the neighbouring edificesDense Tree PlantationsLack of People/Activity/VendorsWaste/Barren LandPoor Maintenance of the SpaceHeight of Buildings curtailing position to the other roadsNo neighbouring buildings/Secluded edificesParticipants AND Procedure: The field survey was carried out in the country in October 2014. The sample consisted of 70 members ( 12 male and 58 female ) , runing in age from 15 to 60, where most of them fall in the class of 15-30 old ages. They were briefed about the survey and its focal point. The interviewers had a map of the country of survey and the pronounced paths and the edifices adjacent to the survey way. The way is 400m long and were asked to reply the inquiries based on their experiences till day of the month. The start and terminal point was same for all the 70 participants, but positions from A study questionnaire has been prepared and 65 members have been asked to reply that based on their experience and some general inquiries have even been asked to understand the person ‘s thought procedure. The undermentioned figure depicts a map of the survey way with single zones of survey marked and each of the edifice typologies have besides been specified to assist the interviewers recollect the infinite and their experience. The 70 participants had to reply a standardised questionnaire at each of the pronounced zone to mensurate the sensed danger. This survey is focused to understand the impact of specific physical factors and personal factors. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Gill Valentine in his publications outlines that it is fear which people develop that restrict the motion form where as Doreen Massey argues that most frequently our societal dealingss are being extended into infinites and thereby regulates the mobility of people. Bill Hillier, on the other manus, negotiations about integrating of infinites as a cardinal factor that influences the safety aspects in a infinite. He adds that infinites may be good connected but non good integrated. Consequences of a study conducted by an NGO – Jagori in few parts of Delhi reflects that hapless substructure installations, hapless or no lighting, absence of people/low denseness infinites and infinites next to dense flora are perceived by adult females as insecure. The consequences besides showcase the fact that adult females preferred streets with batch of activity than a tract which is good built and maintained but doesnt have any activity go oning about. The same consequence was obtained for a study conducted by Shilpa Ranade, Shilpa Phadke and Sameera Khan. On the impudent side, Carina Listerborn states that urban emptiness, deficiency of intelligibility and deficiency of visibleness are the straight relative to that a individual experiences in a infinite. Mentions:Anke Blobaum & A ; Marcel Hunecke, July 2005 ; Perceived Danger in Urban Public Space: The Impacts of Physical Features and Personal Factors ; Environment and Behaviour, Vol 37 No. 4Gill Valentine ; Women ‘s Fear & A ; The Design of Public Space.Laura Hengehold ; 2011 ; When Safety Becomes a Duty: Gender, Loneliness and Citizenship for Urban Women ; WSQ: Women ‘s Studies Quarterly 39Rachel H Pain ; December 1995 ; Social Geographies of Women ‘s Fear of Crime ;Gill Valentine ; Department of Geography ; Images of Danger: Women ‘s Beginnings of Information about the Spatial Distribution of Male ViolenceJennifer K. Wesely and Emily Gaarder ; October 2004 ; The Gendered Nature of the Urban Outdoorss: Womans Negociating Fear of Violence ; Gender and Society, Vol 18 No 5Stephanle Condon, Marylene Lieber & A ; Florence Maillochon ; September 2007 ; Feeling Unsafe in Public Places: Understanding Women ‘s Fears ;Carina Listerborn ; 1999 ; Women ; s Fear a nd Space Configurations ; Space Syntax Second International Symposium ; Brasilia.

Male and Female expectations in a Relationship

Relationships are an integral part of human beings especially given the fact that human beings are social beings who need love, care and recognition.   The quality of relationship couples as well as members of the opposite sex have, has been found to have an impact on one’s health (Jamieson, 1998).   Human beings show the need for affection and healthy relationships from an early age in life.   As early as childhood, toddlers get attracted to their mothers or caregivers.   This makes the toddler to feel threatened if separated from the parents. Surprisingly, this attraction to people and the need for ‘others’ never change and goes on in life throughout all the developmental stages.   As early as the adolescence developmental stage, boys and girls exhibit feelings of attraction to each other.   Although some go into denial and opt to suppress the feelings for the opposite sex, the attraction and the craving for the other sex is usually very high.   Eventually many realize that female-male relationships are inevitable. Questions as to what expectations both parties have for each other as well as from the relationship are to date a subject for debate. There are many expectations each party expects of the relationship and the expectations are largely shaped by environmental conditions although the role played by genetical factors cannot be underestimated.   Most of the expectations however arise out of social and cultural influence. As men and women grow up, they are taught by the society on how to carry themselves in relationships as well as what to expect from their partners.   While some societies expect relationships to remain autonomous, in the past society played a very crucial role.   In some societies, males expect women to bear them children for purposes of posterity.   In such relationships, a female is respected on the basis of her ability to sire children for the man. Any female who is not capable of siring children is discriminated against and treated with dishonor. As such, a barren woman risks being branded an outcast and a social misfit.   In some cultures, the man expects sexual satisfaction from the woman they are in a relationship with.   Women who cannot sexually satisfy their men are abused and in some cases divorced or neglected.   Modernity has changed the expectations men expect of women and vice versa, as the focus in relationship shifts from the need for procreation to the need for caring and loving partners. Fidelity ranks highly in relationships.   According to (Jamieson, 1998) 80% females in relationships consider fidelity as the most important factor in relationships with 40% of the females saying that they would quit a relationship if they found out a partner was cheating on them.   90% of men consider fidelity as the most important factor in relationships compared to 80% of women who consider fidelity as the most important factor. Asked on whether they would quit a relationship on basis of unfaithfulness of a partner, 85% of the men said that they would quit a relationship on the basis of fidelity.   The study concluded that, fidelity ranks highly amongst expectations in female and male relationships.   Other factors, which the study found to form basis of expectations in a relationship, include; care, love, financial support, sexual satisfaction as well as respect (Jamieson, 1998).   While the above expectations apply to both men and women, some expectations are cited more often by males than females and vice versa. For instance, females in relationships are more likely to expect financial support or help form their male partners.   This can be explained in a number of ways but most importantly, cultural and social factors are at play here.   In most societies, women were purposely seen as useful only for reproductive jobs (which are not salaried) (Jamieson, 1998).   By being subjected to heavy work loads such as cultivation in family gardens, most women especially housewives were left with no steady source of income and were therefore left with no choice but to depend on males with whom they had entered into relationships for financial help.   This puts females at a disadvantage in a relationship as they are wrongly viewed as dependent on their men. In some cases males end up dominating over the females on this basis as males take the role of ‘breadwinner’ and the females that of ‘caregivers’.   This labeling takes place regardless of the fact that, the woman is also a ‘breadwinner’ in the sense that the domestic chores the woman is allocated such as looking after children as well as taking the children to school are important but it is the society which has chosen to give them less prominence. Therefore, women’s reproductive work is not considered as work and is considered as less important by the society and the men in particular. Variations in male-female expectations in a relationship also result from cultural beliefs.   In some communities, women are labelled as the weaker sex.   Such categorization leads to variation in roles and expectations.   With exception of very few relationships, females and males are not equal in a relationship. In most cases, male dominance is manifested in relationships. Females are expected to be submissive and to give in or compromise their opinions or decisions in cases where important decisions are to be made affecting the relationship.   In other relationships, female dominance is experienced.   This is usually common in cases where women have financial independence and therefore have a fallback position. For such women, moving out of relationships for reasons such as abuse in the relationship by the partner or irreconcilable differences existing between partners in the relationship is the common response. In female dominated relationships, expectations for both parties are likely to be different from those of a male dominated relationship.   In such relationships, males expect financial support from the women.   Males also expect sex from the females but they are more likely to adhere to consensual terms or the decisions of the female.   In female dominated relationships, females expect obedience form the male especially in cases whereby the females are the providers (Jamieson, 1998). Females in such relationships also expect other needs of a relationship such as respect, love, and care.   For most relationships, expectations change from time to time an also on the prevailing conditions. Loss of a job for either the male or the female partner may influence the balance of power in the relationship.   For instance, if the male has been the decision maker in a relationship and ends up losing the status of a bread-winner, expectations for the females are affected especially due to the fact that most expectations are pegged on financial ability of either partner. Conclusion Female and male relationships are complex and understanding of expectations both male and females have of each other is a daunting task.   The fact that relationships are both dynamic and situational further complicates the nature of relationships.   However, as discussed in the main body of this paper, social, environmental and cultural factors influence greatly what females and males expect out of a relationship. Reference Jamieson, L. (1998) Intimacy. Personal Relationships in Modern Societies, Cambridge: Polity Press.      

Andrew Carnegie essays

Andrew Carnegie essays A man of Scotland, a distinguished citizen of the United States, and a philanthropist devoted to the betterment of the world around him, Andrew Carnegie became famous at the turn of the twentieth century and became a real life rags to riches story. Born in Dunfermline, Scotland, on November 25, 1835, Andrew Carnegie entered the world in poverty. The son of a hand weaver, Carnegie received his only formal education during the short time between his birth and his move to the United States. When steam machinery for weaving came into use, Carnegies father sold his looms and household goods, sailing to America with his wife and two sons. At this time, Andrew was twelve, and his brother, Thomas, was five. Arriving into New York on August 14, 1848, aboard the Wiscasset from Glasgow, the Carnegies wasted little time settling in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh, where relatives already existed and were there to provide help. Allegheny City provided Carnegies first job, as a bobbin boy in a cotton factory, working for $1.20 a week. His father also worked there while his mother bound shoes at home, making a miniscule amount of money. Although the Carnegies lacked in money, they abounded in ideals and training for their children. At age 15, Carnegie became a telegraph messenger boy in Pittsburgh. He learned to send and decipher telegraphic messages and became a telegraph operator at the age of 17. Carnegies next job was as a railroad clerk, working for the Pennsylvania Railroad. He worked his way up the ladder, through his dedication and honest desire to succeed, to become train dispatcher and then division manager. At this time, young Carnegie, age 24, had already made some small investments that laid the foundations of his what would be tremendous fortune. One of these investments was the purchase of stock in the Woodruff Sl...

College vs. High School Differences and Similarities

College vs. High School Differences and Similarities Many students cant wait for high school to end and college to start which is associated with freedom, friends, living without parents and a chance to take control over your life. Most people admit that in college theyve entered adult life. We wont talk about adulthood here as its not the time for tedious matters we are going to compare the differences and similarities of life in high school and college instead. What should you expect from each? What are the main challenges of each? Is college academically hard? Lets go straight to business. Comparing Two Milestones of Student Life So, you want to move out of your parents house as quickly as possible to have fun and attend parties, as youve heard these are the only things college students do. However, this is not actually true. Obviously, there are a lot of differences between studying in high school and in college. To help you figure out what they are, weve prepared the lists that are divided into categories determined by different spheres and aspects of both academic levels. Studying Process While high school studying process might seem difficult, many students find studying in college more challenging due to lack of self-motivation. High School: You attend all the scheduled classes You have a lot of classes a day You are obligated to be in school and do your homework College: You schedule your classes the way you want You choose classes which you long to learn Attending classes and completing assignments are your responsibility You spend most of your time on homework Commonly your course grade is defined by one single exam or assignment You might be also interested to know more about the differences between high school and college finals. Lifestyle and Social Sphere Its hard to be objective when it comes to comparing college vs. high school social life because getting into a college can be too overwhelming to keep a clear mind. Parties, adulthood, numerous new friends, tight budget, anxiety, new everyday routine – all of these things are like an avalanche for a freshman. High school: You need to get up early in the morning to be able to get to school right on time for your first class You live with your parents You know everyone in your class You have a schedule assembled by your teachers and parents Studying at home for 2-4 hours a week might be enough the rest of your spare time you spend as you wish You try to look â€Å"cool† and often feel embarrassed College: You get to know a lot of new people from different parts of the country (or the world) You can stay up all night – anyway, getting up the next day will be only your problem You can schedule your weeks as you want to You spend less time in class, but you have to study more in the dorm or in the library You can visit events and parties without someones permission Everyone is too busy to pay attention to your outfits Establishing a friendship with your roommate is highly recommended Teachers and Professors Its not a secret that most of the time in college you spend on trying to force yourself to complete your assignment. You will also need to learn how to contact your professor and how to find his or her office hours in a gigantic schedule. High school: Teachers closely follow the books Teachers help to be right on time with all of your assignments Teachers try to motivate and engage you Teachers provide you with assigned material College: Professors follow the books they wrote and academic works or personal experience No one will hunt you down for attendance, but you will have problems if you skip the classes You are the only one who can motivate yourself – its not your professors business Professors treat you like a grown-up and expect responsible and deliberate behavior from you Food Food is almost the last thing a student thinks about when imagining studying in college. But its a very significant issue which almost in all cases requires basic cooking skills. High school: Your parents provide you with healthy dishes You can eat in a school cafeteria during a school year You rarely or never cook for yourself College: Just find something more nutritious than a pack of chips. These Tricks for Cooking Healthy College Meals on a Budget can help you. So, weve already defined some differences between these two life stages. Lets make an overall comparison of student life in high school and college. College vs. High School Life in college has so many opportunities, which were banned for students during high school years. But it is also accompanied by many difficulties students face for the first time in their lives. High School You dont know what time-management is You need to learn how to take care of a plant in your room Teachers try to encourage you to learn You are banned from many events You wish you had more spare time You are anxious about specialization choice Sometimes you lie youre sick Everyone attend high-school because they are obligated to You think that college level is the end of learning You believe that tests are the worst part of studying You think that college students spend the whole time at the parties You cant wait to get into a college You wish you were older College You need to work on your time management skills You need to learn how to plan your budget You need to learn how to take care of yourself Self-motivation is your main task Parties are not as fun as one says Studying takes a lot of spare time You choose college classes which you are interested in You have no time to be sick Those who attend college do that because they want to and chose to You know that you have a lot more things to learn after college graduation You need to perform actually in-depth researches You think that high-school students are kids You can find a part-time job You need to learn how long human can live without sleep

10 Argon Facts - Ar or Atomic Number 18

10 Argon Facts - Ar or Atomic Number 18 Argon is atomic number 18 on the periodic table, with the element symbol Ar. Here is a collection of useful and interesting argon element facts. 10 Argon Facts Argon is a colorless, flavorless, odorless noble gas. Unlike some other gases, it remains colorless even in liquid and solid form. It is nonflammable and nontoxic. However, since argon is 38% more dense than air, it present an asphyxiation risk because it can displace oxygenated air in enclosed spaces.The element symbol for argon used to be A. In 1957, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) changed argons symbol to Ar and mendeleviums symbol from Mv to Md.Argon was the first discovered noble gas. Henry Cavendish had suspected the elements existence in 1785 from his examination of samples of air.  Independent research by H.F. Newall and W.N. Hartley in 1882 revealed a spectral line that could not be assigned to any known element.  The element was isolated and officially discovered in air by Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay in 1894. Rayleigh and Ramsay removed the nitrogen, oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide and examined the remaining gas. Although other eleme nts were present in the residue of air, they accounted for very little of the total mass of the sample. The element name argon comes from the Greek word argos, which means inactive. This refers to the elements resistance to forming chemical bonds.Argon is considered to be chemically inert at room temperature and pressure.Most of the argon on Earth comes from the radioactive decay of potassium-40 into argon-40. Over 99% of the argon on earth consists of the isotope Ar-40.The most abundant isotope of argon in the universe is argon-36, which is made when stars with a mass about 11 times greater than the Sun are in their silicon-burning phase. In this phase, an alpha particle (helium nucleus) is added to a silicon-32 nucleus to make sulfur-34, which adds an alpha particle to become argon-36. Some of the argon-36 adds an alpha particle to become calcium-40. In the universe, argon is quite rare.Argon is the most abundant noble gas. It accounts for about 0.94% of the Earths atmosphere and about 1.6% of the Martian atmosphere. The thin atmosphere of the planet Mercury is about 70% argon.  No t counting water vapor, argon is the third most abundant gas in the Earths atmosphere, after nitrogen and oxygen. It is produced from fractional distillation of liquid air. In all cases, the most abundant isotope of argon on the planets is Ar-40. Argon has many uses. Its found in laser, plasma balls, light bulbs, rocket propellant, and glow tubes. Its used as a protective gas for welding, storing sensitive chemicals, and protecting materials. Sometimes pressurized argon is used as a propellant in aerosol cans. Argon-39 radioisotope dating is used to date the age of ground water and ice core samples. Liquid argon is used in cryosurgery, to destroy cancerous tissue. Argon plasma beams and laser beams are also used in medicine. Argon may be used to make a breathing mix called Argox to help remove dissolved nitrogen from the blood during decompression, as from deep-sea diving. Liquid argon is used in scientific experiments, including neutrino experiments and dark matter searches. Although argon is an abundant element, it has no known biological functions.Argon emits a blue-violet glow when it is excited. Argon lasers exhibit a characteristic blue-green glow.Because noble gas atoms have a complete valence electron shell, they are not very reactive. Argon does not readily form compounds. No stable compounds are known at room temperature and pressure, although argon fluorohydride (HArF) has been observed at temperatures below 17K. Argon forms clathrates with water. Ions, such as ArH, and complexes in the excited state, such as ArF, have been seen. Scientists predict stable argon compounds should exist, although they have not yet been synthesized. Argon Atomic Data Name Argon Symbol Ar Atomic Number 18 Atomic Mass 39.948 Melting Point 83.81 K (189.34 C, 308.81 F) Boiling Point 87.302 K (185.848 C, 302.526 F) Density 1.784 grams per cubic centimeter Phase gas Element Group noble gas, group 18 Element Period 3 Oxidation Number 0 Approximate Cost 50 cents for 100 grams Electron Configuration 1s22s22p63s23p6 Crystal Structure face-entered cubic (fcc) Phase at STP gas Oxidation State 0 Electronegativity no value on the Pauling scale Bonus Argon Joke Why dont I tell chemistry jokes? All the good ones argon!

Understanding the Biochemistry of BSE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Understanding the Biochemistry of BSE - Essay Example Amino acids involved include Alanine, Valine and Leucine (Branden & Tooze, 1999). Hydrogen Bonds: Hydrogen bonds are formed when a hydrogen is shared by two partially charged atoms of an amino acid side chain. An example is interaction between the Aspartate and Serine; Oxygen in Asp carries a partial negative charge and Hydrogen in Serine carries a partial positive charge. The two interact forming a hydrogen bond (Branden & Tooze, 1999). Ionic Bonds: Ionic bonds are formed among polar side chains of amino acids. Opposite (Negative and Positive) charges interact to form an ionic bond. An example is interaction between positively charged Arginine and negatively charged Glutamate to form an ionic bond (Branden & Tooze, 1999). Chaperone proteins bind to newly synthesized protein and ensure that the newly synthesized protein is properly folded into its anticipated structure. In Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, the prion PrPSc (Prion protein Scrapie Associated) acts as the chaperone for normal cellular protein PrPC (MeganSimmer, 2006). As a chaperone, PrPSc binds to newly synthesized cellular protein PrPC and induces folding. The ÃŽ ±-helical PrPC is misfolded into an abnormal ÃŽ ²-pleated sheet conformation PrPSc. This new conformation is lethal and the known cause of neurodegenerative Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or Mad Cow Disease (Hargrove, 2010). Compared to other chaperones, PrPSc induces conformational changes that yields a protein with a structure identical to itself. The resultant protein is disease causing in nature. Other chaperones, example Hsp60 and Hsp70 give off functional proteins of independent secondary and tertiary structure after proper folding (Branden & Tooze, 1999) (Hargrove, 2010). Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or Mad cow disease is caused by misfolding of normal cellular prion PrPC. This misfold is induced by the disease causing prion PrPSc. Prions (abbreviation for ‘Proteinaceous

Essay Question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Question - Essay Example In addition, Creon is to take care of Oedipus children, that is, Antigone and Ismene, and Oedipus sons, Polyneices, and Eteocles. When the two sons of Oedipus become of age, they start to fight over who is to rule Thebes. Polyneices being the older brother believed to be the rightful heir to the throne Thebes since he had the birthright. However, Eteocles causes an uprising against Polyneices and ousts him out of power. Polyneices retaliates with an army in a battle where the two brothers kill each other. Creon ascends to the throne once again. Conflict arises in Thebes when the new king Creon makes a decree that it is only Eteocles that will be honored with a befitting burial since Eteocles fought for Thebes. On the other hand, the body of Polyneices was to be left in the field to rot and be eaten by animals for leading a violent uprising against Thebes using a foreign army. The decree of Creon, which prohibited anyone against burying Polyneices was to serve as an example to Polyneices followers (Sophocles & Johnston, 2007). Creon declared that Polyneices did not deserve a honorable burial since Polyneices waged war against Thebes and, therefore, a traitor of Thebes. The declaration does not go well with Antigone, who asserts that her brother Polyneices deserves to be buried even though he was a traitor of Thebes (Sophocles & Johnston, 2007). A conflict arises between Antigone and Creon since Antigone believes that they have a divine duty to the gods to bury the dead. In addition, antigone is determined to bring honor to her family by burying her brother. Antigone saw it as immoral and dishonorable for the body of their brother to be left in the fields unburied like someone who had no family. Antigone makes an emotional appeal with Ismene for them to bury their brother since even though Polyneices is guilty of betraying the state, they should show him sisterly love and

Organ Systems & Evolution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organ Systems & Evolution - Assignment Example The circulatory and lymphatic systems are also connected, for lymph in the lymphatic system comes from blood. Lastly, secondary lymphedema, an obstruction of lymph flow, is discussed with its similarities to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis and Heart Attack Normally, the heart supplies oxygen to all parts of the body to keep them alive, and at the same time, oxygen-rich blood must be supplied to the heart muscle to keep it alive. However, in the case of atherosclerosis, or the buildup of plaque in the arterial walls, the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a particular section of a heart muscle, or myocardium, can get blocked. If the blood supply to the heart muscle is greatly reduced or completely prevented, it will eventually cause the muscle to die. Although there could be other causes for a heart attack, the one caused by this buildup of plaque, or atherosclerosis, is known as coronary heart disease, or CHD (â€Å"What is a Heart Attack,† NIH, 2011). The reason behind the name is the fact that the coronary artery is responsible for the supply of oxygen to the heart. (Matthews, 2011) Coronary heart disease is caused by the buildup of plaque for many years, and will most likely lead to a heart attack. As plaque accumulates in the wall of the artery which supplies oxygen-rich blood to the heart, this plaque may cause a rupture inside the artery and thus cause a blood clot to form on the surface of the plaque. If this plaque grows in size and becomes large enough, it may completely block all blood flow to the heart muscle (â€Å"What is a Heart Attack,† NIH, 2011). The complete obstruction of the blood will cause a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. However, partial blockage may only cause chest pain. (Matthews, 2011) Heart attacks may not kill the person and may simply cause heart failure. Heart failure can lead to other problems like dyspnea, or shortness of breath, and edema, or swelling of the body due to buildup of fluid the heart would normall y get rid of as waste if it were functioning efficiently. (Sourfer, 2002) Arteries, Veins and Capillaries Blood vessels are hollow tubes that do not only hold the blood within the body but also circulate them across organs in the body. There are three types or varieties of blood vessels. The arteries transport oxygenated blood away from the heart. The capillaries are the ones that connect the arteries and the veins, and finally the veins carry the deoxygenated blood back to the heart. (â€Å"Blood Vessels,† 2011) The main function of arteries is to carry blood from the heart to all the other organs, except for the pulmonary arteries that carry deoxygenated blood towards the lungs. Arteries are thick-walled blood vessels and thus may be able to withstand constant stretching every time blood rushes through them for every heartbeat. The thick walls of the artery protect it from the high pressure of blood flow coming from the ventricles of the heart. (â€Å"Blood Vessels,† 2000) Veins, on the other hand, may undergo less pressure coming from the blood flow from organs. It also follows that the wall of a vein is thinner than that of an artery. The function of veins is generally to carry deoxygenated blood from the organs towards the heart, except for pulmonary veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs towards the heart. Moreover, veins have a special purpose of carrying waste

Management Strategies - impression management (IM) Essay

Management Strategies - impression management (IM) - Essay Example IM is also used when an individual wishes to maintain and create a specific identity. Often, an individual achieves the goal by exhibiting certain behaviors, both non-verbal and verbal, which causes others to view the individual as desired. Existing research about IM reveals that, it is a dynamic process, which occurs incessantly during interpersonal interactions (Merkl-Davies & Brennan 2007, p120). As people interact with others, they establish signals or cues that indicate how other people perceive them. Therefore, the underlying assumption of this study is to discuss the impression management strategies for performance management in both bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic organizations. According to Kaplan & Fisher (2009, p320), impression management is a goal-directed behavior in bureaucratic organizations. For instance, most job candidates engage into some forms of deceptive such as personality assessment to succeed in the interview process. Although deception is an issue affecting both bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic organizations, the truth of the matter is that many employees continue to use it to further their goals with the organizations. A research by Harris, Gallagher & Rossi (2013, p171) reveals that, most employees who engage into deception often gain organizations benefits such as promotions. In some instances, an employee may impress his/her supervisor by the fact that, he has a strong work background in the immediate field. In other instance, an employee may provide untrue information about his personality.

Lynn Tilton's Leadership Helps Turn Around Failing Companies Case Study

Lynn Tilton's Leadership Helps Turn Around Failing Companies - Case Study Example When it comes to her biophysical traits, Tilton maintains high energy level. To illustrate, Tilton usually walks down the manufacturing line and interacts with factory workers to ensure that everything is going fine. Finally, Tilton possesses a set of better personality traits such as self-confidence and self-efficacy when she lacks traits like self-regulating and sociability. 2. While analyzing the given case study, it is obvious that different positive and negative leadership traits and styles are displayed by Tilton. One of the major positive leadership traits of Tilton is that she is fair in her dealings, and has no favoritism. In addition, Tilton has deep understanding of the manufacturing processes and job activities. To illustrate, the case study makes it clear that Tilton has gained a detailed knowledge of metal alloys and machine-tools when she worked with MD Helicopter plant (470). Open and effective communication is another positive leadership trait expressed by Tilton. The case writer tells that Tilton quickly mingled with factory workers with her earthy jokes. The case study reflects that honesty is also a positive leadership behavior of Tilton (470). However, it is identified that Tilton is selfish and close minded. Throughout the case scenario, the author reflects that Tilton’s operations and decisions are self-centered, and she is not open to suggestion. Tilton’s vindictive behavior can be highlighted as a negative leadership trait. For instance, Tilton harshly replied to Ford Motor Company’s purchasing chief Tony Brown when he criticized Tilton’s operational approach (469). Tough personality is another negative leadership trait of Tilton, and this issue leads to high employee churn at Patriarch, according to the case study. 3. Managers often follow situational approaches toward leadership to obtain better outcomes, because situational leadership theories state that use of

Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Zara - Essay Example Several leading organizations are trying to implement business expansion strategy in order to develop a potential global client base and achieve significant market share growth. Zara has a strong global presence. The brand implemented a unique operation management strategy in the business processes which is totally different than other retailers selling similar types of apparels. Zara is known as a vertically integrated retailer. The organization has high control on each and every step in supply chain, manufacturing, designing and distribution of the products. The company has set up its own production factory in major areas around the globe (Jones and Robinson, 2012, p.29). It helped the organization to control each and every business operation process individually. Effective integration and close look at each and every business process help the organization to maintain a strong control on production and distributions. It is discussed earlier that the organization adopted different o peration strategy in business process unlike to the similar retailers or organizations. Zara adopted just-in-time approach in the business model in order to enhance the supply chain, inventory management, and logistics management and distribution management process. The manufacturing units are located in several parts in the world. It is true that the warehouses of Zara are located in Spain. 50 % of products are manufactured in Spain. The rest of the products are manufactured throughout the world. It is a significant example of effective operation process (Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2010, p.97). It is true that, several leading organizations used to outsource products and services from the parent country. It increases the outsourcing cost and supply chain cost. Glocal manufacturing and distribution process helped Zara to cut down the outsourcing cost. Now-a-days, Zara is significantly trying to expand its business practices due to favourable external environmental factors. In add ition to this, strong global brand name is influencing Zara to implement global expansion strategy. Manufacturing factories in different places and strong vertical integration in business model are helping Zara to adopt and implement global expansion strategy quite successfully. Question 2 Zara, being one of the leading global apparel retain chain is facing several operation management issues in its global expansion strategy. It is discussed earlier that the organization adopted vertical integration strategy in the business model. In addition to this, the organization implemented just-in-time approach in the supply chain and distribution management process. Zara believes in lowest inventor management. Zara never goes for mass production and huge inventory. According to the management of Inditex group, large inventory can affect the product quality and brand image of the organization (Johnston, Clark and Shulver, 2012, p.76). The percentage of annual sales of Zara is lower that other potential competitors due to this reason. In addition to this, Zara used to avoid developing inventories in its supply chain part from the resources and raw materials to the end users. The brand designs and manufactures almost 10,000 new models in every year and distributes it to all the retailers twice per week. This system actually increases the inventory management cost. The organization believes that large inventory and limited logistics activity can reduce the exclusivity of the products as the organization tries to provide quality and exclusive products to the target customers. The organization faced

Lynn Tilton's Leadership Helps Turn Around Failing Companies Case Study

Lynn Tilton's Leadership Helps Turn Around Failing Companies - Case Study Example When it comes to her biophysical traits, Tilton maintains high energy level. To illustrate, Tilton usually walks down the manufacturing line and interacts with factory workers to ensure that everything is going fine. Finally, Tilton possesses a set of better personality traits such as self-confidence and self-efficacy when she lacks traits like self-regulating and sociability. 2. While analyzing the given case study, it is obvious that different positive and negative leadership traits and styles are displayed by Tilton. One of the major positive leadership traits of Tilton is that she is fair in her dealings, and has no favoritism. In addition, Tilton has deep understanding of the manufacturing processes and job activities. To illustrate, the case study makes it clear that Tilton has gained a detailed knowledge of metal alloys and machine-tools when she worked with MD Helicopter plant (470). Open and effective communication is another positive leadership trait expressed by Tilton. The case writer tells that Tilton quickly mingled with factory workers with her earthy jokes. The case study reflects that honesty is also a positive leadership behavior of Tilton (470). However, it is identified that Tilton is selfish and close minded. Throughout the case scenario, the author reflects that Tilton’s operations and decisions are self-centered, and she is not open to suggestion. Tilton’s vindictive behavior can be highlighted as a negative leadership trait. For instance, Tilton harshly replied to Ford Motor Company’s purchasing chief Tony Brown when he criticized Tilton’s operational approach (469). Tough personality is another negative leadership trait of Tilton, and this issue leads to high employee churn at Patriarch, according to the case study. 3. Managers often follow situational approaches toward leadership to obtain better outcomes, because situational leadership theories state that use of

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example for Free

Annotated Bibliography Essay In this case, Yun, Cox Sims carried out a study the main purpose being to investigate how to develop a (TOCB) Team Organizational Citizenship Behavior. They examine whether there is a unique relationship between leadership and TOCB. They first offer a theoretical study presenting a literature review on citizenship and leadership behavior. They take citizenship as a result of leadership and probably mediated through job satisfaction. They went further to explain research method present results and finally move on to the discussion and implication part. According to earlier research carried out in this field, it revealed that leader characteristics such as consideration, participation and fairness are linked as evoking (OCB) Organizational Citizenship Behavior at personal level. In this research, they tested whether TOCB relates to other forms of a leadership typology. They also investigated the mediating responsibility of job contentment. Yun, Cox Sims concluded that leader characters influence TOCB both indirectly and directly via job satisfaction, and distinct kinds of leaders’ traits were developed to manipulate both TACB and TOCB. Whilst empowering and transformational leadership revealed that, TACB and TOCB have indirect impacts to job satisfaction. They also indicated that if employees are forced to do what they do not want they will feel less contented than other people will. The aversive managers will not contribute to unhappy employees. The study also indicates that transactional leadership has no impacts on job sa tisfaction, while transformational leadership has a positive result which is in line with earlier researches that showed that an augmenting competence of transformation leadership. This research is extremely helpful to the organization on how to create team organization behavior. The research, however, did not cover group level of analysis. This is a gap identified in this reserach or call for a further research. In this article, Wray-Lake Syvertsen look at how adolescents and children can make a positive input to community, and development knowledge during this period also create the arena for citizenship thought the life span. They start by defining social responsibility and explaining how it develops. They aim at understanding environmental and personal traits in adolescence and childhood that undergird the enhancement of social responsibility. They define social responsibility in relation to the development at the same time stressing on focal aspects that are communal along theoretical traditions. In development viewpoint, they aim at identifying elements of adolescence and childhood that stand for opportunities for development in social responsibility. They then move on to context, discussing the proximal scenery of young people everyday lives that motivate social responsibility. Lastly, they move on to seedbeds of social responsibility that comprise of communities, peers families and s chools. Still in this last context, they discuss techniques of developing social responsibility. Wray-Lake Syvertsen review regarding procedure through which social responsibility is earned in adolescence and childhood throughout the context propose quite promising avenues for changing development route of social responsibility. They argue that a single aspect is not significant; instead, a number of setting such community, family, school, peer environment can lead to seed of social responsibility via both indirectly through cultivating socio-emotional and cognitive competence and openly socialize social responsibility. They also conclude that adult who works together with youth can explicitly integrate a social accountability lens into relations. Assisting young individuals develop bridging community capital via forming connections with various others, for instance, is every potential way for promoting social responsibility. In addition, Wray-Lake Syvertsen think that a social responsibility is mainly controlled by some steady forces and yet has an element that is open to rev iew across the lifetime. Wray-Lake Syvertsen consideration of social responsibility in adolescence and childhood is the substantial aspect for citizenship across lifetime. If all these aspects discussed in this article are put into consideration, then, we can develop adults who are socially responsible. This can further contribute to a community rooted with moral responsibilities. Wray-Lake Syvertsen article assist in identifying factors to consider and breach the gap that they have not considered in studying social responsibility in youth and childhood in drafting the final essay. References Yun, S., Cox, J., Sims, Jr, H. P. (2007). Leadership and Teamwork: The Effects of Leadership and Job Satisfaction on Team Citizenship. International Journal of Leadership Studies (pp. 171 193). Virginia: School of Global Leadership Entrepreneurship, Regent University. Wray-Lake, L., Syvertsen, A.K (2011). The development roots of social responsibility in childhood and adolescence. In C.A Flanagan B.D Christens (Eds) Youth civic development: Work at cutting edge, New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 134, 11-25 Source document

An Observation Of Creative Childs Play Young People Essay

An Observation Of Creative Childs Play Young People Essay Method of observation The method of observation that I will be using is time sampling, the reason is that it allows me to point out many important information in an exact time and it is useful because it gives a wider picture of the child. Type of observation The type of observation is participant. I actually participated in the activities that the child A was participating and I observed her at the same time too. Record of observation 9.00 am: Child (A) is sitting on the floor with her legs crossed and both of her arms crossed. The teacher told them that they can now go to take part in the free play session. Child A quickly gets up stands and walks towards the creative table, where there was a paint activity set up. Next child A picks up a blue apron with her right hand. She put her right arm into the apron first then she put her left arm into the apron. She asks me to fasten her apron from the back. 9.15 am: child A is still at the painting area, she picks up a small paint brush with her right hand. A then applies some blue pain on to a piece of A3 paper, after that she moves the paint brush towards the paper, A then dabbed the paint brush onto the paper two times. 9.30 am: within painting area, one of As friend comes closer to A and asks her to play with her. Child A gets excited and they start to play. After a while A and her friend ask me what they can draw as I sit down on a chair at the end of the table. I suggest them that they can draw each other. Therefore, child (A) picks a red paint and tries to draw her friend. 9.45 am: child A is at the drawing area by her self. She is drawing a picture of her dog with a brown felt tip pen. She is making a rough circle with big ears and a long neck. 10.00 am: child A is at the sand area with her two friends. Shes trying to make a cake for her peers. While shes making a cake, I asked her about the recipe. sugar, chocolate and . she said. Therefore, I explained her that we need sugar, egg, flour and water to start with. She pretends that she added the thing that she needs and then asked me if I could put it in the oven. So I did what she asked me. 10.15 am: child A is in the playground area with friends on the climbing frame. One girl is in front of her. She is waiting for her turn to down the slide. 10.30 am: child A is playing with another child. She is running, laughing and screaming. 10.45 am: child A is helping to tidy up the playground. Shes putting all the blocks in the box. 11.00 am: child A is in the writing area, she is drawing a big butterfly; she is using different colour pencils and drawing at the centre of the paper. 11.15 am: child A is sitting on the floor (group-time) she is listening to music and taking part in dance activity. She is copying the action that the teacher does. 11.30 am: time to go home, child A is standing on both feet, wearing her jacket, walks towards her mum and goes home. Mentors signature: Date: Conclusion I have looked at Piagets theory to support my observation and by doing that I came to know that children are active learners. Available at: . I believe this statement that children learn and explore when they are active. Jean Piaget also believed that children are actively involved in structuring their own cognitive development through exploration of their environment. Children need real objects and concrete experiences to discover things for themselves. According to (D3webdesignes.com,2007-2010)Children ages 3 years old are expected to relate present activities and past experiences and to draw a person with a head and also to sort objects into simple categories. By carrying out the observation on child A, I noticed that she co operates well with other children of her age. According to Penny Tassoni, (2002) children aged 3-4 start to co-operate with each other and enjoy playing together. Most of their play is pretend play. Therefore, this shows that she is at the right stage of her development. Her social and emotional are also at the right stage for her age. By looking at the observation, I noticed that her physical development is at the right stage too, as she can run, walk and use the slide without any help. Her intellectual skills are that she can draw pictures, write her name, and use different colours. Play is also plays an imperative role in childrens learning. Play helps them in developing five areas, creative, physical, imaginative, manipulative and social. Wasserman (1992) explains five advantages of play. Firstly children will be able to produce something new, and they will be able to take risks. Therefore, play provides the sensible learning and improvement to the child. In plays learning environment, children will develop socially, emotionally, intellectually and physically. Recommendation I think that this observation needs to be carried out frequently in nursery; because then teachers and parents can realize how these kinds of activities promote childrens learning. Therefore, practitioners would be able to create a range of other activities to advance the childrens knowledge and understanding. For example: the setting must provide children more range of drawing pencils and pens, and different texture of paper, in this case it would be (child A). This will encourage her to express her feelings as well as helping her in gaining more confidence in drawing and painting. Secondly I recommend that setting needs to provide children extra free time to play in order to explore the world around them and also they must ensure that equipments and all the materials are prepared for the children to come and play when ever they wish. Thirdly I recommend that practitioners and parents take their children out for walks and talk to them about nature, by this, the child would look around, and therefore they may ask questions about the world around them. What I learnt by doing this observation? By doing this observation I realized that child A is more likely to involve in creative activities with her peers. McMillan believed that having accessed to mainly most materials in play activities is important in childrens play as it helps them to develop as a whole person. Isaac also believes that play must encourage children to discover their inner feelings. By carrying out this observation I also learnt how to get involved in activities with children and how to encourage them to explore the colours. Child A expanded her creativity in this exercise as she practiced painting methods and mixing other products to make a cake. She also learned to trust opinions of the teacher assistant that she works with, she learned to appreciate adults experience and knowledge. By carrying out this observation Ive found out that child A is at the right developmental stage, however, each child develops at their own rate. Moreover, this observation improved my understanding on how children play with the littlest amount of items and achieve so much information and knowledge from it. I also realized that she has very good hand to eye co-ordination which allows her to control her hand movements.